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183.  Derived from:  Legner, E. F.  1979.  Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh vs. refrigerated fly hosts.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1):  155-157.

 

{NOTE:  All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa).  However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage.  In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.}

 

Summary

 

 

                                   Title Page                                       References

 

Page 155     Page 156     Page 157

 

     Table 1       Figure 1    

 

 

            [ Please refer also to Related Research #1,  #2 ]